Descrizione Clinica
SoFarma
URINARIAN TESTS
Description
The urinary tract infections test consists of rigid plastic strips on which several separate reagent areas are applied.
The test is used for qualitative detection of the following urinates: blood, protein, nitrite and leukocytes.
Self-analysis.
Mode of use
It is recommended to take a sample of urine for the test in the early morning since it is the most concentrated. The urine used for the test should not come into contact with toilet water or any disinfectant or detergent.
Only for women: the test should not be performed during or for three days after the menstrual cycle. The urine sample should not be contaminated with vaginal fluids since this could produce a misleading result.
Do not make important medical decisions without consulting your doctor first.
Sample collection: Collect part of the urine in the plastic glass provided or using a clean glass without residual detergents. Make sure to fill the glass of urine.
Test execution
Open the aluminum envelope and extract the reactive strip. Don't touch the test fields. Once the envelope is opened, it is recommended to immediately perform the test.
Dip the reactive strip into the urine sample. Press the strip and make sure that all four test fields are immersed for about 1-2 seconds. Then remove the reactive strip and clean excess urine against the edge of the container or with an absorbent material (e.g. a paper napkin) to avoid mixing chemicals from adjacent reagent areas.
Wait 2 minutes (do not read the results after 3 minutes). Read the result separately for each parameter, compare the color with the supplied color folder.
Reading results
Read the result separately for each parameter; compare the color with the provided color folder. Color changes on the edges of the test fields or color changes after more than 3 minutes should be ignored.
NEGATIVE: The test field for LEUCOCITI remained whitish.
The test field for the SANGUE remained yellow mustard.
The NITRITI test field remained white.
The PROTEINE test field remained yellowish.
Leukocyte positive: If the colour of the test field has changed to purple, leukocytes have been found in the urine. The presence of white blood cells in the urine is an important symptom of inflammation of the kidneys and urinary tract. Taking cephalexin and cephalotin or a high concentration of oxalic acid may also cause the test results to be artificially low. Tetracycline may cause reduced reactivity and high levels of the drug may cause a false negative reaction. A high urine protein content may decrease the intensity of the reaction color.
BALANCE: If the color of the test field has become green (or some green spots appear in the background), blood was found in the urine. A uniform conversion of green colour indicates the presence of hemoglobin or erythrocytes emolated; scattered or compact green spots indicate intact erythrocytes. Occult blood in general urine attributed to the following three reasons, one is a calculation, inflammation and cancer. Under the appearance of inflammation, such as glomerulonephritis, pielonephritis, cystitis, but may have hematuria, occult blood will occur in the urine. Whether it's kidney, ureteri or vescic calculations, they can cause other situations like occult blood. The tumor can also cause occult blood, such as a benign or malignant tumor of the kidney, urethra and bladder. Menstrual period, constipation can cause a positive result.
Positive for nitrites: If the color of the test field has changed to pink, then nitrites have been found in the urine. Gram-negative bacteria in the urine convert nitrates from food into nitrites. The nitrites react with a chemical in the test area and leave a pink tint. The result of the test may be distorted if urine does not remain in the bladder for a long time due to hunger, a vegetable-free diet or antibiotic treatment. Comparison of the test on a white background may help in detecting low levels of nitrites, which might not otherwise be detected.
Protein positive: If the color of the test field has turned green, protein has been found in the urine. A marker on the test field reacts with proteins in the urine, changing its color to green. They can be found where there is inflammation of the bladder or prostate or bleeding in the urinary tract. Infusions containing polyvinylpyrrolidone may give a false positive result. Chemical components in test fields should be considered as potentially hazardous substances, although they do not present risks, provided that all test components are used in accordance with these instructions.
Warnings
Read the instructions carefully before running the test.
Only for autoanalysis diagnostics in vitro.
Use a clean container not contaminated by detergent liquids to collect urine.
Keep out of reach of children.
Do not use after the expiry date or if the envelope is damaged.
If the aluminium package is damaged or opened, do not use it.
Strictly follow the indicated time.
Use the test only once. Do not disassemble and touch the reagent areas of the reactive strip.
Only for external use.
The test used must be disposed of according to local regulations.
In case of difficulty in identifying color (such as daltonism), ask for help in reading the test.
The test can be influenced by substances that cause an abnormal color of the urine as drugs containing azoic dyes (e.g. Pyridium, AzoGantrisin, AzoGantanol), nitrofurantoin (Microdantin, Furadantin) and riboflavin. The color development on the swab of the test can be masked or a chromatic reaction can be produced which could be interpreted as false results.
Leukocytes: the result should be read at 2 minutes to allow full color development. The intensity of the color that develops is proportional to the number of leukocytes present in the urine sample. High specific weight or high glucose concentrations (≥2,000 mg/dL) can cause artificially low test results. The presence of cephalexin, cephalotin or high concentrations of oxalic acid may also cause the test results to be artificially low. Tetracycline can cause reduced reactivity and high levels of the drug can cause a negative false reaction. A high content of urinary protein can decrease the intensity of the reaction color. This test will not react with erythrocytes or common bacteria in the urine.
Blood: a uniform green color indicates the presence of myoglobin, hemoglobin or erythrocytes emolated. Expanded or compact green spots indicate intact erythrocytes. To improve precision, separate color scales are provided for hemoglobin and erythrocytes. The positive results with this test are often seen with the urine of menstruated females. It has been reported that high pH urine reduces sensitivity, while a moderate to high concentration of ascorbic acid can inhibit color formation. Microbial peroxidase, associated with urinary tract infection, can cause a positive false reaction. The test is slightly more sensitive to free hemoglobin and myoglobin than to intact erythrocytes.
Nitrites: the test is specific for nitrites and will not react with any other substance normally excreted in the urine. Any degree of color from pink to red uniform must be interpreted as a positive result, suggesting the presence of nitrites. The color intensity is not proportional to the number of bacteria present in the urine sample. Pink studs or pink edges should not be interpreted as a positive result. Comparison of the reagent area reacted on a white background can help in detecting low levels of nitrites, which otherwise may not be detected. Ascorbic acid greater than 30 mg/dL can cause false negatives in urine containing less than 0.05 mg/dL nitrite ions. The sensitivity of this test is reduced to urine samples with highly buffered alkaline urine or with high specific weight. A negative result never excludes the possibility of baptism. Negative results can occur in urinary tract infections from organisms that do not contain reductase to convert nitrate to nitrite; when urine has not been retained in the bladder for a sufficient time period (at least 4 hours) for nitrite nitrate reduction; when receiving antibiotic therapy or when food nitrate is absent.
Protein: any green color indicates the presence of protein in the urine. This test is highly sensitive to albumin and less sensitive to hemoglobin, globulin and mucoprotein. A negative result does not exclude the presence of these other proteins. Positive false results can be obtained with highly buffered urine or alkaline. Contamination of urine samples with quaternary ammonium compounds or skin cleansers containing chlorhexidine can produce false positive results. Urine samples with a high specific weight can give false negative results.
Conservation
Store at room temperature or refrigerated (2-30 °C). Don't freeze.
Validity of whole packaging: 24 months.
Format
The kit contains:
- reactive strip;
- glass for sample collection;
- color folder;
- leaflet.
Bibliography
1. Henry JB, et al. Clinical diagnosis and management through laboratory methods, 20th Ed. Philadelphia. Saunders. 2. But Junlong, Cong Yulong. The effect of bacteriuria on the determination of red blood cells in the urine by the urine analyzer. Chinese Journal of Medical Examination, 1999, 22 (4): 205.
3. Shuai Lihua, Jiujiang Medical Journal 2002, 17 (2): 122.
Cod. SF-017
The urinary tract infections test consists of rigid plastic strips on which several separate reagent areas are applied.
The test is used for qualitative detection of the following urinates: blood, protein, nitrite and leukocytes.
Self-analysis.
Mode of use
It is recommended to take a sample of urine for the test in the early morning since it is the most concentrated. The urine used for the test should not come into contact with toilet water or any disinfectant or detergent.
Only for women: the test should not be performed during or for three days after the menstrual cycle. The urine sample should not be contaminated with vaginal fluids since this could produce a misleading result.
Do not make important medical decisions without consulting your doctor first.
Sample collection: Collect part of the urine in the plastic glass provided or using a clean glass without residual detergents. Make sure to fill the glass of urine.
Test execution
Open the aluminum envelope and extract the reactive strip. Don't touch the test fields. Once the envelope is opened, it is recommended to immediately perform the test.
Dip the reactive strip into the urine sample. Press the strip and make sure that all four test fields are immersed for about 1-2 seconds. Then remove the reactive strip and clean excess urine against the edge of the container or with an absorbent material (e.g. a paper napkin) to avoid mixing chemicals from adjacent reagent areas.
Wait 2 minutes (do not read the results after 3 minutes). Read the result separately for each parameter, compare the color with the supplied color folder.
Reading results
Read the result separately for each parameter; compare the color with the provided color folder. Color changes on the edges of the test fields or color changes after more than 3 minutes should be ignored.
NEGATIVE: The test field for LEUCOCITI remained whitish.
The test field for the SANGUE remained yellow mustard.
The NITRITI test field remained white.
The PROTEINE test field remained yellowish.
Leukocyte positive: If the colour of the test field has changed to purple, leukocytes have been found in the urine. The presence of white blood cells in the urine is an important symptom of inflammation of the kidneys and urinary tract. Taking cephalexin and cephalotin or a high concentration of oxalic acid may also cause the test results to be artificially low. Tetracycline may cause reduced reactivity and high levels of the drug may cause a false negative reaction. A high urine protein content may decrease the intensity of the reaction color.
BALANCE: If the color of the test field has become green (or some green spots appear in the background), blood was found in the urine. A uniform conversion of green colour indicates the presence of hemoglobin or erythrocytes emolated; scattered or compact green spots indicate intact erythrocytes. Occult blood in general urine attributed to the following three reasons, one is a calculation, inflammation and cancer. Under the appearance of inflammation, such as glomerulonephritis, pielonephritis, cystitis, but may have hematuria, occult blood will occur in the urine. Whether it's kidney, ureteri or vescic calculations, they can cause other situations like occult blood. The tumor can also cause occult blood, such as a benign or malignant tumor of the kidney, urethra and bladder. Menstrual period, constipation can cause a positive result.
Positive for nitrites: If the color of the test field has changed to pink, then nitrites have been found in the urine. Gram-negative bacteria in the urine convert nitrates from food into nitrites. The nitrites react with a chemical in the test area and leave a pink tint. The result of the test may be distorted if urine does not remain in the bladder for a long time due to hunger, a vegetable-free diet or antibiotic treatment. Comparison of the test on a white background may help in detecting low levels of nitrites, which might not otherwise be detected.
Protein positive: If the color of the test field has turned green, protein has been found in the urine. A marker on the test field reacts with proteins in the urine, changing its color to green. They can be found where there is inflammation of the bladder or prostate or bleeding in the urinary tract. Infusions containing polyvinylpyrrolidone may give a false positive result. Chemical components in test fields should be considered as potentially hazardous substances, although they do not present risks, provided that all test components are used in accordance with these instructions.
Warnings
Read the instructions carefully before running the test.
Only for autoanalysis diagnostics in vitro.
Use a clean container not contaminated by detergent liquids to collect urine.
Keep out of reach of children.
Do not use after the expiry date or if the envelope is damaged.
If the aluminium package is damaged or opened, do not use it.
Strictly follow the indicated time.
Use the test only once. Do not disassemble and touch the reagent areas of the reactive strip.
Only for external use.
The test used must be disposed of according to local regulations.
In case of difficulty in identifying color (such as daltonism), ask for help in reading the test.
The test can be influenced by substances that cause an abnormal color of the urine as drugs containing azoic dyes (e.g. Pyridium, AzoGantrisin, AzoGantanol), nitrofurantoin (Microdantin, Furadantin) and riboflavin. The color development on the swab of the test can be masked or a chromatic reaction can be produced which could be interpreted as false results.
Leukocytes: the result should be read at 2 minutes to allow full color development. The intensity of the color that develops is proportional to the number of leukocytes present in the urine sample. High specific weight or high glucose concentrations (≥2,000 mg/dL) can cause artificially low test results. The presence of cephalexin, cephalotin or high concentrations of oxalic acid may also cause the test results to be artificially low. Tetracycline can cause reduced reactivity and high levels of the drug can cause a negative false reaction. A high content of urinary protein can decrease the intensity of the reaction color. This test will not react with erythrocytes or common bacteria in the urine.
Blood: a uniform green color indicates the presence of myoglobin, hemoglobin or erythrocytes emolated. Expanded or compact green spots indicate intact erythrocytes. To improve precision, separate color scales are provided for hemoglobin and erythrocytes. The positive results with this test are often seen with the urine of menstruated females. It has been reported that high pH urine reduces sensitivity, while a moderate to high concentration of ascorbic acid can inhibit color formation. Microbial peroxidase, associated with urinary tract infection, can cause a positive false reaction. The test is slightly more sensitive to free hemoglobin and myoglobin than to intact erythrocytes.
Nitrites: the test is specific for nitrites and will not react with any other substance normally excreted in the urine. Any degree of color from pink to red uniform must be interpreted as a positive result, suggesting the presence of nitrites. The color intensity is not proportional to the number of bacteria present in the urine sample. Pink studs or pink edges should not be interpreted as a positive result. Comparison of the reagent area reacted on a white background can help in detecting low levels of nitrites, which otherwise may not be detected. Ascorbic acid greater than 30 mg/dL can cause false negatives in urine containing less than 0.05 mg/dL nitrite ions. The sensitivity of this test is reduced to urine samples with highly buffered alkaline urine or with high specific weight. A negative result never excludes the possibility of baptism. Negative results can occur in urinary tract infections from organisms that do not contain reductase to convert nitrate to nitrite; when urine has not been retained in the bladder for a sufficient time period (at least 4 hours) for nitrite nitrate reduction; when receiving antibiotic therapy or when food nitrate is absent.
Protein: any green color indicates the presence of protein in the urine. This test is highly sensitive to albumin and less sensitive to hemoglobin, globulin and mucoprotein. A negative result does not exclude the presence of these other proteins. Positive false results can be obtained with highly buffered urine or alkaline. Contamination of urine samples with quaternary ammonium compounds or skin cleansers containing chlorhexidine can produce false positive results. Urine samples with a high specific weight can give false negative results.
Conservation
Store at room temperature or refrigerated (2-30 °C). Don't freeze.
Validity of whole packaging: 24 months.
Format
The kit contains:
- reactive strip;
- glass for sample collection;
- color folder;
- leaflet.
Bibliography
1. Henry JB, et al. Clinical diagnosis and management through laboratory methods, 20th Ed. Philadelphia. Saunders. 2. But Junlong, Cong Yulong. The effect of bacteriuria on the determination of red blood cells in the urine by the urine analyzer. Chinese Journal of Medical Examination, 1999, 22 (4): 205.
3. Shuai Lihua, Jiujiang Medical Journal 2002, 17 (2): 122.
Cod. SF-017
